Karaköy Tunnel

vitasuiteskarakoy
Aug 7
2 min read

Karaköy Tunnel is not only one of Istanbul’s oldest transportation systems but also one of the most significant in the world. Opened in 1875, it holds the title of being the second-oldest underground urban railway in the world. Connecting Karaköy and Beyoğlu (Tünel Square), this short but iconic rail line is a treasure both historically and technically.

Global Significance of the Karaköy Tunnel

While the world’s first metro system opened in London in 1863, Istanbul followed shortly after with the Karaköy Tunnel in 1875, during the Ottoman Empire. This makes it the second-oldest metro line in the world and the oldest one in continental Europe.

What makes Karaköy Tunnel unique is not only its age but also its structure: it is one of the shortest metro lines in the world and operates on an inclined underground route. The tunnel stretches only 573 meters, and the ride takes about 90 seconds.

Construction and Architectural Features

The Karaköy Tunnel was designed by a French engineer named Eugène-Henri Gavand. After observing the daily struggle of people climbing the steep hill between Galata (Karaköy) and Pera (Beyoğlu) in 1867, Gavand proposed a solution — a short underground funicular railway.

With the approval of Sultan Abdülaziz, construction began in 1871 and was completed in four years. The tunnel officially opened on January 17, 1875, under the name “Galata-Pera Tunnel.” Initially, it was powered by a steam engine and had two carriages. Over the years, it was upgraded to an electric system and modernized several times.

Technical Details of the Tunnel

Length: 573 meters
Elevation difference: Approximately 60 meters
Stations: 2 (Karaköy and Beyoğlu)
Trip duration: Around 90 seconds
System type: Funicular (inclined rail system)
Capacity: About 170 passengers per trip

Despite its short length, the Karaköy Tunnel remains a fully functional and essential part of Istanbul’s public transport network.

What Is the Karaköy Tunnel Used for Today?

Today, the Karaköy Tunnel operates under Metro Istanbul and plays a vital role in connecting Karaköy’s port district to the lively and historic İstiklal Avenue in Beyoğlu. It is especially popular among commuters, tourists, and anyone looking to avoid the steep uphill walk.

The tunnel operates daily from 7:00 AM to 9:00 PM with frequent departures. For tourists, it's not just a means of transport — it's a ride through history.

What’s Around the Karaköy Tunnel?

The lower station in Karaköy is surrounded by historic sites, including old inns (hans), mosques, and churches that reflect the area’s multicultural heritage. The upper station, located in Beyoğlu, opens up to the heart of Istanbul’s cultural and social scene — İstiklal Street, Galata Tower, and various art venues.

The areas around both stations are also full of cafés, galleries, street art, and boutique shops, making it a perfect spot for sightseeing and exploring Istanbul’s past and present.

Why Should You Ride the Karaköy Tunnel?

To experience one of the oldest subways in the world
To witness an engineering masterpiece from the Ottoman era
To take a quick yet historic underground journey
To reach Beyoğlu from Karaköy in just minutes
To enjoy a nostalgic ride through living history